Atlas of Habitats

colony

2.5 m³

at 1.7 m

6.6ºN

[porous] mound

earth

mixed

invertebrates

[porous] mound

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Introduction

While driving from Kakata to Monrovia, we observed a towering termite mound along the roadside. These structures are a common sight in Liberia, often visible on farms or empty, flat terrain. Termites are essential engineers of their ecosystems, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The large, complex mounds they construct not only serve as their homes but also influence soil composition, vegetation patterns, and even microclimates within their surroundings.

Micro Climate

The mound’s design plays a critical role in maintaining a stable microclimate within. The temperature inside the mound remains remarkably consistent, even when external temperatures are significantly fluctuating. This stability is achieved through a combination of the mound's thick walls, which insulate against heat and cold, and a complex system of air circulation that helps to dissipate excess heat. The mound is often oriented to maximize the effects of the sun’s heat, particularly in the morning.

Material

The termite mounds are primarily constructed using a mixture of soil, saliva and feces, which are molded into intricate structures. This combination results in a hard, durable material that is resistant to both weathering and erosion. The mounds are often reinforced with additional organic matter, creating a robust, compact structure that can endure for years. The texture of the mound is generally rough and solid, helping to protect the colony from predators and environmental changes.

Location

Termite mounds are a common sight across Liberia, where they can be found in various landscapes, from savannas to forests. These mounds can reach impressive sizes, often towering several meters above the ground and stretching wide across the terrain. The termites that build these mounds are crucial to the local ecosystem, recycling nutrients and aerating the soil, which supports the surrounding vegetation.

Construction

The construction of a termite mound is a highly organized process, involving the cooperation of thousands of individual termites. These insects transport tiny particles of soil and organic material, which they mix with their saliva and feces to create a cement-like substance. This mixture is then shaped into chambers and tunnels, which are essential for regulating temperature and humidity. The outer walls are thick, providing insulation, while the internal structure includes a network of air passages. The mound's architecture allows for passive cooling and heating.